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Course Profile   Introduction to Financial Accounting, Grade 11, University/College Preparation, Catholic

                                                                                                   

Course Overview

 

Course Profiles are professional development materials designed to help teachers implement the new Grade 11 secondary school curriculum. These materials were created by writing partnerships of school boards and subject associations. The development of these resources was funded by the Ontario Ministry of Education. This document reflects the views of the developers and not necessarily those of the Ministry. Permission is given to reproduce these materials for any purpose except profit. Teachers are also encouraged to amend, revise, edit, cut, paste, and otherwise adapt this material for educational purposes.

 

Any references in this document to particular commercial resources, learning materials, equipment, or technology reflect only the opinions of the writers of this sample Course Profile, and do not reflect any official endorsement by the Ministry of Education or by the Partnership of School Boards that supported the production of the document.

 

© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2001

 

Acknowledgments

Catholic District School Board Writing Team – Introduction to Financial Accounting

 

Lead Board

Simcoe Muskoka Catholic District School Board

 

Project Manager

Jim Hall, Simcoe Muskoka Catholic District School Board

 

Course Profile Writing Team

Adrian Zulian, Lead Writer, Simcoe Muskoka CDSB

Robert Bolton, Simcoe Muskoka CDSB

Tim Hasenack, Simcoe Muskoka CDSB

 

Reviewers

William Bolton, Sir James Dunn High School, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Norbert Wirkowski, IONA Catholic Secondary School, Mississauga, Ontario

Tish Heddersen, St. Thomas of Villanova, Lasalle, Ontario

Paul Howard, CA, Georgian College, Barrie, Ontario

Andrew Dykstra, CMA, Georgian College, Barrie, Ontario

Doug Leatherdale, CMA, Georgian College, Barrie, Ontario

 

Special thanks to:

Tom Hards, President of ICAO

Ken Kapty, CA

 

 

 

Course Overview

Introduction to Financial Accounting, Grade 11, University/College Preparation, BAF3M

Curriculum Policy Document:  The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12, Business Studies, 2000

Course Description

This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting, with emphasis on accounting procedures used in service and merchandising businesses. Students develop an understanding of the connections between financial analysis, control, and ethical decision making in the management of a business, as well as the effects of technology and globalization on accounting procedures and the role of the accountant.

How This Course Supports the Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

In a dynamic world where all aspects of our lives are subject to constant change, we must realize that all disciplines, including accounting, are undergoing change. As Catholic business educators, we must promote responsible stewardship of the earth by using the skills and talents that God has given us. This is an emerging concept where consideration must be given to honesty, compassion, justice, and dignity of work, rights, responsibilities, integrity, and morality in light of corporate philosophies. Our daily Catholic expectations nurture our students to read, understand, problem solve, goal set, and apply knowledge while being flexible and adaptive to the application of their accounting knowledge. To further emphasize Christian beliefs, a specific unit has been developed to encompass and integrate a decision-making framework that is moral and ethically sound in light of gospel values. Students do not merely study accounting fundamentals, but, rather, develop a holistic foundation that will better serve them in their post-secondary endeavours. At present, society is demanding that post-secondary graduates be equipped with an awareness of ethics coupled with the development of a moral conscience (i.e., ethical MBA programs, ethical mutual funds). In essence, ethical business is good business. Therefore, this gives our Catholic students the perfect opportunity to take pride in their Catholic heritage and hear the call to lead our global business in the new millennium.

Course Notes

This course is the prerequisite for BAT4M and serves as a necessary foundation for future learning. The following activities are suggested to enhance the curriculum. In Unit 1, interest and motivation are developed through the use of community partners (guest speakers) from all three accounting designations. An integration of non-Socratic review method (i.e., Accounting Pictionary, Accounting Password, OBEA Accounting Monopoly, Accounting Jeopardy, and Who Wants to be an Accountant) is emphasized. When introducing balance sheet preparation, students prepare a balance sheet to determine either their own personal net worth and/or that of a famous person. In Unit 2, students can visit a local retail establishment or merchandising head office to get a better understanding of merchandising concepts. Unit 3 has a cooperative learning component emphasizing groups to set up a partnership with the inclusion of a general partnership agreement. The agreement includes roles and responsibilities, investments, personal drawings, division of profits, and dissolution clauses. Unit 4 includes scenarios and cases as outlined in the developed unit. Unit 5 addresses the use of technology in applying the theoretical knowledge from previous units.

Overall experience and practical accounting knowledge can be enhanced by class participation in school and community activities, such as accounting for theatrical productions, Junior Achievement Programs, sporting events, school stores, vending machines, and other related financial endeavours.

If you have adults in the classroom, the following suggestion may help. Give adult students a clear, detailed outline which gives the textbook chapter and assignment numbers at the start of the course. This allows adults with hectic schedules to work ahead in order that they can balance their school and personal lives more effectively.

Finally, in setting up classroom expectations, the teacher should consider using some of the conflict resolution strategies outlined in Managing Conflict (OSSTF). Students could also be exposed to these strategies and cases to assist them in their future roles as management executives in corporate Canada.

Units:  Titles and Times

Unit 1

Introduction to Accounting for a Service Business

40 hours

Unit 2

Accounting for a Merchandising Business and Introduction to Sub-ledgers

17 hours

Unit 3

Business Structures and their Accounting Implications

  8 hours

* Unit 4

Ethical Practices in Accounting

12 hours

Unit 5

Technology and Financial Statement Analysis

33 hours

* This unit is fully developed in this Course Profile.

 

Unit Overviews

Unit 1:  Introduction to Accounting for a Service Business

Time:  40 hours

Unit Description

Students are introduced to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and their applications. Using a service business framework, students must demonstrate skill in all aspects of the accounting cycle (e.g., opening entries, journalizing, posting, trial balance, worksheet, adjustments, financial statements, and closing entries). Students are exposed to a manual system of accounting to fully understand and appreciate the complexities of a computerized accounting system. An examination of career opportunities is presented in various formats (e.g., guest speakers, videos, independent research, career education websites) to act as motivational influences in the learning process.

Unit Overview Chart

Act.

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Focus

1

2.5 hours

OAV.01, .02,.03, .04, FAV.01, .03, OA1.01, .02, .03, OA2.03, OA4.01, .02, .03, FA1.04; CGE1g, 4e, 4f, 4g, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I

Careers and related regulatory bodies

2

2 hours

OAV.01, OA1.06; CGE2a, 2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I; A

Introductory terms/concepts and Accounting Equation

3

3.5 hours

OAV.01, FAV.03, OA1.04, FA3.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I; A; C

Balance Sheet: Account form and relevant GAAPs (Cost, Business Entity, Liquidity Order, Objectivity, Capitalization, Accrual Accounting, and Conservatism)

4

2 hours

OAV.01, AFV.02, OA1.05, AF2.01, .02; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I; A

Transactions and GAAP (double-entry accounting)

5

4 hours

AFV.02, AF2.02, .03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g

K/U; A

T-Accounts and debit/credit theory

6

1 hour

AFV.02, AF2.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g

K/U; A

Trial balance

7

1 hour

OAV.01, AFV.02, OA1.06, AF2.05; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I; A

More GAAPs (Time Period, Materiality) and more of the accounting cycle

8

4 hours

OAV.02, OA1.04, .06; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 4g

K/U; T/I; A; C

Income statement and relevant GAAPs (Matching, Accrual Basis, Revenue Recognition)

9

2 hours

OAV.03, AFV.02, FAV.02, OA3.01, .02, .03, AF2.03, FA2.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 4g

K/U; T/I; A

Change in Equity and brief discussion on different ownership structures

10

5 hours

OAV.01, AFV.02, OA1.02, .05, AF 2.01, .02, .03, .05; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; A

Journalizing and posting to the general ledger

11

1 hour

AFV.02, AF2.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5a, 5b, 5f, 5g

T/I; A

Error locating

12

2 hours

OAV.01, OA1.05, .06; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; A

Source documents and relevant GAAPs (Reliability, Objectivity)

13

6 hours

OAV.01, AFV.02, OA1.06, AF2.04; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I; A

Worksheet and adjustments

14

2 hours

OAV.01, FAV.03, OA1.04, FA3.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; A

Classified and report form balance sheets

15

2 hours

AFV.02, AF2.04, .05; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5f, 5g

K/U; A

Closing entries

 

K/U = Knowledge/Understanding                       C = Communication

T/I = Thinking/Inquiry                            A = Application

 

 

 

 

Unit 2:  Accounting for a Merchandising Business and Introduction to Sub-ledgers

Time:  17 hours

Unit Description

Students are introduced to the accounting cycle for a merchandising business, including an examination of perpetual and periodic inventory systems, accounts receivable/payable subsidiary ledgers, accounting transactions, and year-end procedures specific to merchandising. Students must prepare a detailed schedule of cost of goods sold and related income statement. Students may also be introduced to the sub-ledger concept in service businesses.

Unit Overview Chart

Act.

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Focus

1

1 hour

OAV.03, AFV.03, OA3.02, AF3.07; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5g

K/U; T/I

Compare/contrast merchandise and service accounting and discussion of new accounts

2

8 hours

AFV.01, .03, AF1.01, AF3.01, .02, .05; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5g

A; C

Cost of Goods Sold and related income statement for a periodic system

3

3 hours

OAV.01, AFV.03, OA1.06, AF3.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5g

T/I; A; C

Inventory, valuation methods, and balance sheet

4

2 hours

AFV.01, FAV.03, AF1.02, FA3.02; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5g

T/I; A

Use of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and sub-ledgers

5

2 hours

AFV.03, AF3.05, .06; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5g

K/U; T/I; A

Worksheet: adjusting and closing entries for a merchandise business

6

1 hour

AFV.01, .03, AF1.03, AF3.03; CGE2b, 4e, 4f, 5g

K/U

Perpetual inventory system and accounting for a manufacturing business

 

 

 

Unit 3:  Business Structures and their Accounting Implications

Time:  8 hours

Unit Description

Students examine different business structures (sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation). The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each structure are described. Emphasis must be placed on legal liability issues, including a discussion of advantages/disadvantages of general vs. limited partnerships. In addition, students must be able to prepare a Statement of Partner’s Equity with an understanding of how profits are shared. Finally, students identify the users of financial information (investors, government, banks) and describe how these groups use financial information.

Unit Overview Chart

Act.

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Focus

1

2 hours

OAV.03, OA3.01, .04, .05; CGE2b, 2c, 2d, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g

K/U; T/I

Characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability partnerships

2

5 hours

OAV.01, .03, AFV.01, OA1.06, OA3.02, .03, AF1.04, .05; CGE2b, 2c, 4b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g, 7e

T/I; A; C

Opening accounts, division of profits for a partnership, LLPs and their tax and liability implications, preparation of a statement of partner’s equity, distribution of profit amongst partners (What is fair? How are conflicts resolved?)

3

1 hour

OAV.03, FAV.03, OA3.03, FA3.02, .03; CGE2b, 2c, 5g

K/U; T/I

Users of financial information (government, investors, banks) What information does each use and why?

 

Unit 4:  Ethical Practices in Accounting

Time:  12 hours

Unit Description

This unit explores the regulatory, moral, and ethical framework within which accountants operate (ICAO (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario) Member’s Handbook, Ontario Securities Commission, CICA Handbook, CA Magazine, Check Mark Magazine). Students understand and apply the concept of professional judgement and rules of professional conduct. Case study analysis could be highly effective in studying potential abuses of accounting data (preparation, interpretation and opinion), internal control weaknesses, and implications of global competition. Finally, the ethical issues surrounding the establishment and operation of a partnership are examined (appointments, profit sharing, duties, obligations, and liability).

Unit Overview Chart

Act.

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Focus

1

1.25 hours

OAV.01, .02, OA1.03, OA2.01, .02; CGE2a, 2b, 2c, 7a, 7b, 7e

K/U; T/I

What are ethics? Ethical framework and approaches

2

1.25 hours

OAV.01, .02, AFV.04, OA1.04, .05 OA2.01, .02, AF4.02; CGE1c, 3b, 3d, 4f, 4g, 5e, 7b

K/U; T/I; C

Introduction to Christian Ethical Decision-making Model for scenarios

3

3.5 hours

OAV.01, .02, FAV.01, .03, OA1.04, .06, OA2.01, .02, FA1.01, .04, .05, FA3.01, .02, .03; CGE1d, 2c, 3d, 3e, 4a, 4e, 5a, 5e, 5h, 7a, 7j

K/U; T/I; A; C

Ethical scenario study

4

1.25 hours

OAV.01, .02, AFV.04, FAV.03, OA1.04, .05, OA2.01, .02, AF4.02, FA3.01, .02, .03; CGE1c, 3b, 3d, 4f, 4g, 5e, 7b

K/U; T/I; C

Introduction to Christian Ethical Decision-making Model for cases

5

3.5 hours

OAV.01, .02, .03, AFV.01, FAV.01, .03, OA1.04, .05, .06, OA2.01, .02, OA3.03, AF1.05, FA1.04, .06, FA3.01, .02, .03; CGE1i, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, 5a, 5e, 5f, 5g, 7a, 7b, 7e, 7j

K/U; T/I; A; C

Case Study application and presentations

6

1.25 hours

OAV.01, .02, .03, FAV.01, .03, OA1.03, .04, .05, .06, OA2.01, .02, OA3.03, FA1.04, FA3.01, .02, .03; CGE1i, 2b, 2c, 3c, 3d, 3f, 4c, 4d, 4f, 5f, 5g, 5h

K/U; T/I; A; C

Summative evaluation
(Unit test)

 

Unit 5:  Technology and Financial Statement Analysis

Time:  33 hours

Unit Description

Students assess the effect of technology on accounting. Through consultation with our destination partners, it is expected that accounting students be proficient in the use of computerized accounting and other business-related software (spreadsheets, database, word processor). Students complete the accounting cycle for a service business using computerized accounting software. In addition, students are exposed to merchandising, manufacturing, subsidiary ledgers, and account reconciliation within the accounting software. Technology (spreadsheets, computer-generated reports) is used to aid in financial statement interpretation and analysis. Finally, the Internet is used to identify and explore career opportunities in accounting. When exploring the Internet, the teacher refers to the school/board’s Internet usage policies and circulates while students are using the Internet to ensure its proper use.

This unit may be integrated into the other units. This could serve as a change of pace for students and allow for the booking of computer lab time in more reasonable blocks. The integrative approach would necessitate the introduction of ratio analysis into the other units. The following ratios could be introduced in Unit 1: Current Ratio, Debt Ratio, Equity Ratio, Collection Period, Times Interest Earned, and Return on Equity. During Unit 2, Quick Ratio, Inventory Turnover, and Gross Profit Percentage could be introduced.

Unit Overview Chart

Act.

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Focus

1

15 hours

AFV.01, .02, .03, .04, AF1.02, AF2.06, AF3.08, AF4.01, .02, .03; CGE2c, 2e, 3b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g, 7b

K/U; T/I; A

Introduction and use of accounting software and career exploration using the Internet

2

11 hours

OAV.01, FAV.02, .03, FA2.01, .02, .04, .05, FA3.01; CGE2b, 2c, 2e, 3b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g, 7b

T/I; C; A

Financial statement analysis and ratio calculation

3

7 hours

FAV.01, FA1.02, .03, .05; CGE2b, 2c, 2e, 3b, 4e, 4f, 5f, 5g, 7b

K/U; T/I; A

Budgeting and other data control measures

 

Teaching/Learning Strategies

Because the course is dual destination, it is imperative that the teacher be equipped with a wide variety of teaching strategies. Strategies fall into three categories: teacher-centred, learner-centred, and self-directed.

Teacher-centred Strategies

Teacher-centred strategies are those in which the teacher directs the learning. Teacher-centred strategies have a definite place in this course as students learn to handle a broad range of topics. Teachers may find these strategies useful as ways to model how to set up notebooks or databases, to present complex concepts, or to make the best use of time.

Learner-centred Strategies

Learner-centred strategies, which are activity-based, provide students with opportunities to actively apply what they have learned. The expectation for the use of these teaching strategies is that students develop problem-solving as well as collaborative skills.

Self-directed Strategies

Self-directed strategies may be used to promote independence and self-reliance. The benefits of these strategies are that students learn to take responsibility for and manage their own learning.

Teacher-centred

Learner-centred

Self-directed

·         Board work

·         Text referencing

·         Presentations

·         Teacher-led review

·         Note making

·         Workbook

·         Overhead

·         Collaborative technologies

·         Scenarios

·         Video

·         Demonstration

·         Electronic media research

·         Note-taking

·         Audio/visual

·         Computer-assisted learning

·         Mnemonic (trigger recall)

·         Visual organizers

·         Jigsaw

·         Socratic

·         Case Studies

 

·         LCD Panel

·         Group discussion

 

·         Demonstration

·         On-line review activities

 

 

·         Computer lab work

 

 

·         Field trip

 

 

·         Group project

 

 

·         Peer helping

 

 

·         Guest speaker

 

 

·         Think/pair/share

·         Jigsaw

 

 

 

 

 

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Teachers should employ assessment techniques frequently in order to communicate the expectations of the course to students, make appropriate adjustments to teaching/learning strategies as required, and accommodate the special needs of students. Student input to the assessment process should be welcomed and valued.

 

Diagnostic

Formative

Summative

·         Informal Observation

·         Informal and Formal Observation

·         Assignments

·         Checklists

·         Interviews

·         Projects

·         Quizzes

·         Verbal Feedback

·         Quizzes/Tests

 

·         Written Feedback

·         Rubrics

 

·         Graphic Organizers

 

 

·         Presentations

 

 

·         Individual and Group Assignments

 

 

·         Rubrics

 

 

Evaluation

Seventy percent of the grade is based on in class assessments and evaluations conducted throughout the course. Thirty percent is based on a final summative/cumulative evaluation (which may include an exam, culminating project, or combination thereof).

 

A. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation 70%

 

Knowledge/Understanding

Application/Productivity

Thinking/Inquiry and Problem Solving/Communication

Tests and Quizzes

Assignments

Examinations

Daily Exercises

Assignments

Projects

Case Studies

 

B. Final Evaluation 30%

 

Accommodations

Teachers should address exceptional students using their Individual Educational Plans (IEPs) and consult with the appropriate support staff. This allows teachers to effectively implement prescribed accommodations and/or modifications. The following suggested strategies are based on different exceptionalities that could be applied throughout the various activities.

(Note: The Electronic Curriculum Planner and the Special Education Accompaniment are excellent resources when developing accommodations for students.)

Reading Difficulties

·         read questions first

·         adjust reading requirements

·         use reading partners

·         pre-teach concepts/vocabulary

·         highlight notes

·         provide opportunities for alternate modes of information sharing (e.g., videos, visuals)

·         read instructions

Math Difficulties

·         check work after each example

·         relate problems to real life

·         modify complexity of examples

·         review daily

·         teach and encourage use of diagrams

·         teach use of calculator

·         use hands-on manipulatives

·         adjust number of problems

·         provide samples for reference purposes

Memory Difficulties

·         teach students to verbalize concepts

·         check that daily assignments are recorded in planner

·         teach strategies to handle recall questions

·         ensure students write things down

·         provide lists and/or flow charts

·         give visual clues

·         give demonstrations

·         teach mnemonics

·         allow student to tape lessons for more

·         intensive review at a later time

Oral Language Difficulties

·         provide non-threatening environments

·         do not ask students to respond to questions without forewarning

·         use cooperative learning

·         work one-to-one

·         have realistic expectations

·         provide choices

·         use electronic medium

·         permit small groups

Motivation Difficulties

·         provide a variety of types of assignments

·         create personalized assignments

·         set realistic goals and expectations

·         avoid public confrontation

·         provide praise and positive feedback

·         be flexible with timelines

·         conference on a one-to-one basis

·         maintain contact with home

Written Language Difficulties

·         vary assignments

·         give explicit instructions

·         allow more time

·         provide photocopied notes

·         allow point-form notes

·         don’t penalize mechanics

·         use peer editing

·         teach use of spell check

·         allow assistive devices as outlined in IEP

·         provide oral discussion prior to writing

Attention Difficulties

·         provide a variety of activities and teaching techniques

·         give blocks of information and vary the activities frequently

·         use cooperative learning

·         ask students to repeat instructions to you

·         provide immediate feedback

·         move around room

·         use visuals

·         ensure students see an end in sight

·         seat students in area of room that will minimize distractions

ESL

·         pair or group students with English speakers

·         provide note-making guide

·         promote peer tutoring

·         encourage use of first language English dictionaries for assignments and assessment

·         pair written instructions with verbal instructions

·         provide visual and auditory clues

·         allow extra time for reading or writing assignments

·         ask an ESL/ELD teacher to review questions, assignments, or assessment instruments

Enrichment

·         independent study (e.g., research the price history of 20 Canadian Stocks and make your “buy recommendations” for the next few months)

·         cooperative education experience (e.g.,. placements one day per week in the accounting field)

·         Junior Achievement - Venture Program

·         Sir Wilfrid Laurier Stock Market Competition

·         Business Club/School Store – Give them General Manager Responsibilities

·         mentorship programs

Resources

Note: The URLs for the websites have been verified by the writers prior to publication. Given the frequency with which these designations change, teachers should always verify the websites prior to assigning them for student use.

Guidance and Career Education

Nelson Publishing – www.careers.nelson.com

Bridges Career Planning Site – www.cx.bridges.com

Monster On-line Job Classified – www.monster.ca

University related – www.ouac.on.ca

College related – www.ocas.on.ca

Career Explorer, School Finder, or Education Planner Programs (See Guidance Department.)

Violence Prevention Education

Kearns, Tim, et al. Managing Conflict. Toronto, ON: OSSTF, 1992. ISBN 0-920930-54-9

Accounting Textbooks and Workbooks

* No single textbook is recommended for this course.

Cougler, R., and N.J. Shoemaker. Accounting Applications: A Systems Approach. Toronto, ON: Nelson Publishers, 1992.

Cougler, Ron. Introductory Accounting, revised ed. Toronto, ON: Nelson Publishers, 1990.

D’Amico, V. and J. Magnan. Accounting: An Introduction. Toronto, ON: Addison Wesley, 1991.

D’Amico, V., T. Palmer, and T. D’Amico. Principles of Accounting, 2nd ed. Toronto, ON: Addison Wesley, 1993.

Dauderis, Henry. Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Decision Making, 2nd ed. Toronto, ON: Harcourt Brace Canada, 1990.

Gibson D.L. and N.J. Shoemaker. Accounting Principles: A Skill-building Approach. Toronto, ON: Nelson Publishers, 1992.

Kaluza, Henry J., et al. Accounting: A Systems Approach, 3rd ed. Toronto, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1991.

Kaluza, H., W.G. Leonard, and J.L.K. Ambacher. Elements of Accounting: A Senior Course, 3rd ed. Toronto, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1990.

Syme, G.E. and T.W. Ireland. Accounting 1, 5th ed. Toronto, ON: Prentice-Hall Canada, 1993.

Accounting Project

Witness Fitness Module. CGA Association, contact: Lisa Morabito, coordinator of school programs,
Tel. 416-322-6520 x257

Investment Resource Guide

Investing in Your Future. Investor Learning Centre. Contact: 416-681-2199

Accounting Corporations

Price Waterhouse Coopers – www.pricewaterhousecoopers.com

KPMG – www.kpmg.com

Deloitte and Touche – www.dttus.com

Arthur Andersen – www.arthurandersen.com

BDO Dunwoody – www.bdo.ca

Accounting Associations

Canadian General Accountants – www.cga-canada.org

Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants – www.cica.ca

Canadian Management Association – www.cma-canada.org

Accounting Software

ACCPAC Discovery Series (ACCPAC International)

Simply Accounting (ACCPAC International)

BusinessWorks (Sage Software)

MYOB (M.Y.O.B. Software)

Business Textbooks

Di Norcia, Vincent. Hard Like Water: Ethics in Business. Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Kretchman, M. Lily, Lori Cranson, and Bill Jennings. Entrepreneurship Creating a Venture. Toronto, ON: John Wiley and Sons Canada Limited, 1991.

Murphy, Terry G., Rob Kelley, Roy McMilland, and Jack Wilson. The World of Business: A Canadian Profile, 3rd ed. Scarborough, ON: ITP Nelson, 1994.

Pulver, Lana Marks and Gail Raintree Kennedy. First Class: The Original Financial Guide for High School Students. BC: Communications Inc., 1996.

Schermerhorn, et al. Management the Competitive Advantage. Toronto, ON. 1995.

Business-related Websites

Ethics, Business, and Gospel Infusion – www.smcdsb.edu.on.ca/secondary/business/infusion.html
Examples of ethics and gospel values applied to business curriculum and relevant links to other sites.

Economics for People and The Planet – www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/SCN/CommLink/EPP.html

Canada’s SchoolNet – www.schoolnet.ca
A site for teachers and students to share resources, enhance learning, develop information and technology skills, and encourage the use of technology in the classroom.

Pitscho’s Ask an Expert – www.askanexpert.com/askanexpert
A site for making connections with experts. It is broken down into different categories with more than 300 websites and e-mail addresses to make it easy to use. Its directory links people who have volunteered their time to answer questions on-line.

The BizSTOP.com: Business Community – www.bmscentre.com/brc_courses/brccourses/MiniCourses/markstra/mod4/m4_sub3/m4_s1-04a.htm

Corporate Social Responsibility Indicators – www.abellsgroup.com/welcome/welcome.html

Presenting Solutions – www.presentingsolutions.com/effectivepresentations.html

Canada One: A Canadian Business Forum – www.canadaone.com

Research a Canadian Company – www.fin-info.com

Canada’s Information Resource Page – www.cs.cmu.edu/Unofficial/Canadiana/

Business Associations

Canadian Shareowners’ Association – www.shareowner.ca

Credit Counselling Service of Ontario – www.creditcanada.com

Investor Learning Centre of Canada – www.investorlearning.ca

Junior Achievement of Canada – www.jacan.org

Canada/Ontario Business Services – www.cbsc.org/ontario/index.html

Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade – www.ontario-canada.com/medtt

OSS Considerations

The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12, Business Studies. Ministry of Education, 2000.

The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 to 12, Program Planning and Assessment. Ministry of Education, 2000.

Ontario Secondary Schools, Grades 9 to 12, Program and Diploma Requirements. Ministry of Education and Training, 1999.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations. Institute for Catholic Education.

Note: The students may use this course as an additional compulsory credit for diploma requirements.


Coded Expectations, Introduction to Financial Accounting, Grade 11, University/College Preparation, BAF3M

The Objectives of Accounting

Overall Expectations

OAV.01 · describe the discipline of accounting and its importance for business;

OAV.02 · demonstrate an understanding of the regulatory and ethical framework of accounting;

OAV.03 · distinguish between the different types of business structures: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation;

OAV.04 · describe professional accounting designations and career opportunities.

Specific Expectations

Introduction to Accounting as a Discipline

OA1.01 – explain the purpose of accounting;

OA1.02 – distinguish between accounting and bookkeeping;

OA1.03 – demonstrate an understanding of the changing role of accounting;

OA1.04 – identify the users and uses of accounting;

OA1.05 – demonstrate an understanding of the recording and the decision-making aspects of accounting;

OA1.06 – explain basic concepts, procedures, and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Issues in Accounting

OA2.01 – describe the link between ethics in business and ethics in accounting;

OA2.02 – assess the effects of current issues and developments on the accounting profession (e.g., ethical issues, technological developments, economic conditions, the globalization of business transactions);

OA2.03 – identify three Canadian accounting organizations and describe their respective regulatory functions.

Business Structures

OA3.01 – describe the advantages and disadvantages of three different types of businesses: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation;

OA3.02 – describe the accounting systems that are appropriate for different types of businesses;

OA3.03 – compare the responsibility of owners, shareholders, and partners in relation to the debt obligations of a business;

OA3.04 – summarize the nature of a partnership and each partner’s responsibilities;

OA3.05 – evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a limited partnership and a general partnership.

Career Opportunities

OA4.01 – specify the principal specialization areas for professional accountants;

OA4.02 – describe the business opportunities available to a professional accountant;

OA4.03 – summarize, using electronic tools, current job advertisements that require accounting skills and training.

Accounting Fundamentals

Overall Expectations

AFV.01 · analyse the similarities and differences in the accounting procedures and principles for a service business, a merchandising business, and a manufacturing business;

AFV.02 · apply the basic procedures and principles of the accounting cycle for a service business;

AFV.03 · apply the basic procedures and principles of the accounting cycle for a merchandising business;

AFV.04 · assess the impact of technology on the accounting functions in business.

Specific Expectations

Accounting Procedures and Principles

AF1.01 – describe the principal accounting elements particular to a merchandising business (e.g., accounts, journals, special journal entries, and taxes);

AF1.02 – explain the need for special journals and subsidiary ledgers (e.g., sales and purchases journals, accounts receivable and accounts payable ledgers);

AF1.03 – distinguish the principal accounting elements that are particular to a manufacturing business;

AF1.04 – explain each partner’s share of equity by preparing a statement of the partner’s equity;

AF1.05 – demonstrate how profits or losses are shared between partners (e.g., through fixed ratios, pro-rata, salaries).

The Accounting Cycle for a Service Business

AF2.01 – assess the effects that transactions have on the accounts of a service business;

AF2.02 – demonstrate how to use the debit/credit theory in recording transactions in the journals and ledgers of a service business;

AF2.03 – demonstrate the skills necessary to prepare trial balances and financial statements for a service business;

AF2.04 – demonstrate an understanding of year-end procedures (e.g., adjusting and closing entries) and their relation to the financial statements of a service business;

AF2.05 – describe the steps in the accounting cycle for a fiscal period of a service business;

AF2.06 – demonstrate the skills required to record a service company’s transactions and produce the financial statements using accounting software.

The Accounting Cycle for a Merchandising Business

AF3.01 – assess the effects that transactions have on the accounts of a merchandising business;

AF3.02 – demonstrate how to use the debit/credit theory in recording transactions in the journals and ledgers of a merchandising business;

AF3.03 – compare the periodic and perpetual inventory systems;

AF3.04 – demonstrate the skills necessary to prepare an income statement with a detailed Cost of Goods Sold section;

AF3.05 – demonstrate the skills necessary to prepare trial balances and financial statements for a merchandising business;

AF3.06 – demonstrate an understanding of year-end procedures (e.g., adjusting and closing entries) and their relation to the financial statements of a merchandising business;

AF3.07 – describe the steps in the accounting cycle for a fiscal period of a merchandising business;

AF3.08 – demonstrate an ability to record a merchandising company’s transactions and produce the financial statements using accounting software.

The Impact of Technology

AF4.01 – distinguish between the steps in a computerized and a manual accounting cycle;

AF4.02 – describe ways in which technology can affect the accounting function (e.g., the effect on the information itself, the accountant’s work, and the security of information systems);

AF4.03 – explain the advantages and disadvantages of technology as it affects accounting in service, merchandising, and manufacturing settings.

Financial Analysis, Control, and Decision Making

Overall Expectations

FAV.01 · demonstrate an understanding of the importance of proper internal control systems to the financial management of a business;

FAV.02 · evaluate the financial situation of a business by analysing performance measures and financial statements;

FAV.03 · demonstrate an understanding of how accounting information is used in decision making.

Specific Expectations

Financial Control Systems and Procedures

FA1.01 – describe the basic elements of a proper internal control system;

FA1.02 – explain the factors that influence budgetary forecasts;

FA1.03 – describe a budgeted income statement and a budgeted balance sheet;

FA1.04 – describe the role and work of an auditor;

FA1.05 – analyse the control measures used in business (e.g., petty cash procedures, bank reconciliation procedures, use of pre-numbered documents);

FA1.06 – explain the role and function of the personnel involved in implementing a control system.

Financial Analysis

FA2.01 – explain the importance of current assets when interpreting a balance sheet;

FA2.02 – explain the importance of current liabilities when interpreting a balance sheet;

FA2.03 – explain the changes that occur in equity when financial statements are prepared;

FA2.04 – analyse a company’s liquidity, solvency, and return on investment by using comparative statements, trend analysis, and common size statements;

FA2.05 – evaluate a company’s ability to meet its financial obligations (e.g., by analysing amounts and aging of receivables, liquid assets).

Decision Making

FA3.01 – demonstrate an understanding of the various uses of financial data in decision making (e.g., from the potential investor standpoint, the creditor standpoint, and the management standpoint);

FA3.02 – describe how accounting information is used by company personnel (e.g., department managers, owners);

FA3.03 – describe how accounting information is used by outsiders (e.g., governments, investors, and banks).

 


Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

 

The graduate is expected to be:

 

A Discerning Believer Formed in the Catholic Faith Community  who

CGE1a    -illustrates a basic understanding of the saving story of our Christian faith;

CGE1b    -participates in the sacramental life of the church and demonstrates an understanding of the centrality of the Eucharist to our Catholic story;

CGE1c    -actively reflects on God’s Word as communicated through the Hebrew and Christian scriptures;

CGE1d    -develops attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and acts to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good;

CGE1e    -speaks the language of life... “recognizing that life is an unearned gift and that a person entrusted with life does not own it but that one is called to protect and cherish it.” (Witnesses to Faith)

CGE1f     -seeks intimacy with God and celebrates communion with God, others and creation through prayer and worship;

CGE1g    -understands that one’s purpose or call in life comes from God and strives to discern and live out this call throughout life’s journey;

CGE1h    -respects the faith traditions, world religions and the life-journeys of all people of good will;

CGE1i     -integrates faith with life;

CGE1j     -recognizes that “sin, human weakness, conflict and forgiveness are part of the human journey” and that the cross, the ultimate sign of forgiveness is at the heart of redemption. (Witnesses to Faith)

 

An Effective Communicator   who

CGE2a    -listens actively and critically to understand and learn in light of gospel values;

CGE2b    -reads, understands and uses written materials effectively;

CGE2c    -presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to others;

CGE2d    -writes and speaks fluently one or both of Canada’s official languages;

CGE2e    -uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of the arts, media, technology and information systems to enhance the quality of life.

 

A Reflective and Creative Thinker   who

CGE3a    -recognizes there is more grace in our world than sin and that hope is essential in facing all challenges;

CGE3b    -creates, adapts, evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;

CGE3c    -thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;

CGE3d    -makes decisions in light of gospel values with an informed moral conscience;

CGE3e    -adopts a holistic approach to life by integrating learning from various subject areas and experience;

CGE3f     -examines, evaluates and applies knowledge of interdependent systems (physical, political, ethical, socio-economic and ecological) for the development of a just and compassionate society.

 

A Self-Directed, Responsible, Life Long Learner   who

CGE4a    -demonstrates a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity and welfare of others;

CGE4b    -demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;

CGE4c    -takes initiative and demonstrates Christian leadership;

CGE4d    -responds to, manages and constructively influences change in a discerning manner;

CGE4e    -sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work and personal life;

CGE4f     -applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;

CGE4g    -examines and reflects on one’s personal values, abilities and aspirations influencing life’s choices and opportunities;

CGE4h    -participates in leisure and fitness activities for a balanced and healthy lifestyle.

 

A Collaborative Contributor   who

CGE5a    -works effectively as an interdependent team member;

CGE5b    -thinks critically about the meaning and purpose of work;

CGE5c    -develops one’s God-given potential and makes a meaningful contribution to society;

CGE5d    -finds meaning, dignity, fulfillment and vocation in work which contributes to the common good;

CGE5e    -respects the rights, responsibilities and contributions of self and others;

CGE5f     -exercises Christian leadership in the achievement of individual and group goals;

CGE5g    -achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in one’s own work and supports these qualities in the work of others;

CGE5h    -applies skills for employability, self-employment and entrepreneurship relative to Christian vocation.

 

A Caring Family Member   who

CGE6a    -relates to family members in a loving, compassionate and respectful manner;

CGE6b    -recognizes human intimacy and sexuality as God given gifts, to be used as the creator intended;

CGE6c    -values and honours the important role of the family in society;

CGE6d    -values and nurtures opportunities for family prayer;

CGE6e    -ministers to the family, school, parish, and wider community through service.

 

A Responsible Citizen   who

CGE7a    -acts morally and legally as a person formed in Catholic traditions;

CGE7b    -accepts accountability for one’s own actions;

CGE7c    -seeks and grants forgiveness;

CGE7d    -promotes the sacredness of life;

CGE7e    -witnesses Catholic social teaching by promoting equality, democracy, and solidarity for a just, peaceful and compassionate society;

CGE7f     -respects and affirms the diversity and interdependence of the world’s peoples and cultures;

CGE7g    -respects and understands the history, cultural heritage and pluralism of today’s contemporary society;

CGE7h    -exercises the rights and responsibilities of Canadian citizenship;

CGE7i     -respects the environment and uses resources wisely;

CGE7j     -contributes to the common good.

 

 

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