Course Profile   Child Development and Gerontology (TPO4C), Grade 12, College Preparation, Public

 

Unit 3:  Life Stages and Needs of Older Adults

Time:  35 hours

 

Activity 3.1 | Activity 3.2 | Activity 3.3

 

Unit Description

Students assess the needs of the elderly, in regard to their cognitive, physical, emotional, and social status to maintain and/or improve the quality of their lifestyles and stages. Issues that will be covered include the later stages of the family life cycle according to different theorists, myths about aging, health and recreational requirements, health promotion, and necessary fundamental skills. Using the theoretical foundation from this unit, students demonstrate standard practices and techniques that assess and address specific needs of the elderly.

Unit Synopsis Chart

Activity

Time

Learning Expectations

Assessment Categories

Tasks

3.1
Stages of Older Adulthood

5
hours

TFV.01, TFV.02, TF1.01, TF1.02, TF1.03

Knowledge/ Understanding
Thinking/ Inquiry
Communication
Application

·         Students participate in classroom discussions, research and prepare a visual/audio brochure about the myths of aging.

3.2
Health Promotion

15 hours

TFV.02, SPV.01, TF2.01, TF2.02, TF2.03, TF2.04, TF2.05, TF2.06, TF2.07, TF2.08, SP1.08, SP1.09

Knowledge/ Understanding
Thinking/ Inquiry
Communication
Application

·         In groups, students incorporate various communication, recording, and reporting techniques to demonstrate and share their findings about an older individual.

3.3
Fundamental skills

15 hours

SPV.01, ICV.02, SP1.01, SP1.02, SP1.03, SP1.04, SP1.05, SP1.06, SP1.07, IC1.05

Knowledge/ Understanding
Thinking/ Inquiry
Communication
Application

·         Students learn about health and safety practices for the elderly in the work place by theoretical and practical application.

·         This is performed by in-class scenarios and real life situations at the work place where the option for work in the field can be provided.

 


Activity 3.1:  Stages of Older Adulthood

Time:  5 hours

Description

Students study the later stages of family life cycles, and learn myths about aging and why they are fallacies. Students explore various stages of the older individual through role-playing. Students then incorporate this knowledge to develop an informational brochure for educational purposes.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Theory and Foundation, Skills and Processes, Impact and Consequences

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - describe the stages of child development and the stages of older adulthood;

TFV.02 - identify needs of children and the elderly at the various stages of development and of older adulthood.

Specific Expectations

TF1.01 - explain some of the major theories relating to child development and the stages of older adulthood;

TF1.02 - identify the stages of development in children and the stages of older adulthood as related to the major theories;

TF1.03 - describe and correct myths about early childhood development and aging.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         ability to précis a resource

·         collaborative/cooperative group skills

·         computer literacy skills

·         critical thinking skills

·         role playing and development of dramatizations

Planning Notes

The teacher:

·         prepares overheads;

·         prepares and photocopies notes to accompany visual presentations, including information on developmental theories and myths about aging;

·         reserves appropriate computer lab and verifies websites for Internet research;

·         ensures that art supplies/graphic design supplies are available.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher reviews stage theories of development emphasizing later stages of both Duvall’s 8 Stage Family Life Cycle (Aging Family – Retirement to Death) and McGoldrick’s 6 Stage Life Cycle – Families in Later Life. Tasks help to instil understanding about the process of adjusting to retirement, coping with the death of a marriage partner and life alone, and coping with debilitating diseases.

2.   Introduce Older Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development and Social, Emotional, and Personality Development.

3.   An open class discussion focuses on factors of aging, and how these factors may affect an individual.

4.   Students prepare dramatizations 2- to 5-minutes in length about adjustments, problems, and myths associated with aging. Students compile a list of questions and prepare a questionnaire. Each student surveys 20 people, compiles the results, and writes a report about current perceptions of aging.
Note: Students must be instructed to accept “no comment” as a valid answer to any questions, and to respect that people may choose not to respond at all.

5.   In groups, students research topics and prepare centres to help classmates gain understanding and empathy for what it is like to have visual impairments, hearing impairments, problems with arthritis, mobility restrictions, and depression resulting from the loss of a spouse. Each student writes a proposal for a centre that relates to one specific disability or impairment. Group conferences with the teacher help to determine suitability and appropriateness of ideas. Students set up the centres.

Possible activities for each centre are:

·         At the centre focusing on visual impairments, classmates may be asked to try and read a poem while wearing glasses that are smeared with Vaseline.

·         At the centre focusing on problems resulting from arthritis, classmates may be asked to do up buttons on the front of a shirt/blouse and make change from a coin purse, with their middle and index fingers taped together.

·         At the centre focusing on mobility restrictions, classmates may be able to sit in a wheelchair and attempt to reach five items on the bottom shelf of a wall cupboard.

·         At the centre focusing on hearing impairments, students may be asked to listen to a song being played at a very low volume and then convey the song’s meaning to others.

·         At the centre focusing on depression, a student may read a letter from a good friend of the deceased and demonstrate an inability to move or make decisions by just sitting and staring into space.

Each centre should include written instructions to help students rotate through all of the centres. Students discuss how they feel after experiencing each centre.

6.   Students prepare brochures debunking the most common myths about aging and on a daily basis ensure that they are meeting the criteria for the assignment through teacher/student conferencing (Appendix 3.1.1).

7.   As a final report, students submit their brochures to the class and then to the teacher for summative marking (Appendix 3.1.2).

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Task/Product

Tool

Purpose

Achievement Chart Categories

Skits

Observation
Conferencing

Formative

Thinking/Inquiry
Application

Activity Centres

Observation
Conferencing

Formative

Knowledge/Understanding
Application

Questionnaire and Report

Anecdotal Comments Conferencing (Appendix 3.1.1)

Formative

Thinking/Inquiry
Communication

Brochure

Rubric (Appendix 3.1.2)

Summative

Knowledge/Understanding
Communication
Application

Accommodations

·         Teachers should consult individual student IEPs for specific direction on accommodation for individuals.

·         More time may be allowed for those students who require it.

·         Learning strategies may be enriched by having students apply their acquired knowledge of how health is maintained and promoted by designing a healthy living space for an older adult. These students may use the example of the person they interviewed, with the goal of providing housing that will best promote healthy living for that individual. Instead of looking at individual living space, they may create housing for a group of elderly people who share living quarters. For students who do not have an older person in their lives to interview, arrangements can be made to locate interviewees through local nursing homes, retirement homes, or geriatric wings of hospitals. Interviews with individuals reflecting a range of cultural backgrounds will help broaden student awareness during this activity. Note: Students must be instructed to accept “no comment” as a valid answer to any questions, and to respect that people may choose not to respond at all.

·         The interview may be adapted by broadening the age range of interviewees to include middle-aged adults when no elderly adults are available for interviews and allowing interviews to be conducted by e-mail, telephone, or mail if interviewees are not available in person (for example, an older relative in the student’s country of origin). Students may choose to present their interview findings to the class or through a videotaped format. Encourage students to draw upon family members as interview subjects to develop their own sense of personal history, even if it means interviewing the mother or father because older relatives are not available. Encourage the use of photographs, especially ones that compare the interviewee at a similar age to that of the student.

Resources

Textbooks

Kart, C. and J. Kinney. The Realities of Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada Inc., 2001.

Lassey,W. and M. Lassey. Quality of Life for Older People: An International Perspective. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada Inc., 2001.

Novak, M. Issues in Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada Inc., 1997.

Santrock, J. Life Span Development. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publisher, 1983.

Ward, M. The Family Dynamic. Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1995.

Websites

– http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/CommunitySupport/CHPNA/chpnotes2_99.html

Videos

Acting Our Age. 972170. 29 min.

Aging. 970940. 31 min.

Development and Aging 997939. 30 min.

Hello/Goodbye. 250006. 15 min.

It’s Never Too Early. 165302. 29 min.

Later Years. 990885. 30 min.

The Generation Connection. 975652. 55 min.


Appendix 3.1.1

Teacher Learning Skills Assessment

 

Name: ________________________________                                                        Date: ______________

 

Criteria/Categories

Needs Improvement

Satisfactory

Good

Excellent

Works Independently/Initiative

Research is complete, detailed, and relevant to myths about aging and fallacies of those myths.

- uses creative and critical thinking skills with limited effectiveness

- uses creative and critical thinking skills with moderate effectiveness

- uses creative and critical thinking skills with considerable effectiveness

- uses creative and critical thinking skills with a high degree of effectiveness

Organization

Uses graphics, layout, grammar, and appropriate language.

- with limited accuracy and effectiveness

- with moderate accuracy and effectiveness

- with considerable accuracy and effectiveness

- with a high degree of accuracy and effectiveness

 

Comments: ____________________________________________________________________________________

 

____________________________________________________________________________________

 

____________________________________________________________________________________

 


Appendix 3.1.2

Rubric for Brochure on Aging

 

Criteria/Categories

Level 1
(50-59%)

Level 2
(60-69%)

Level 3
(70-79%)

Level 4
(80-100%)

Knowledge/Understanding

Identify and describe needs of different stages of adulthood clearly

- identifies and describes  stages with limited clarity and completeness

- identifies and describes  stages with moderate clarity and completeness

- identifies and describes  stages with considerable clarity and completeness

- thorough identification and description of stages

Communication

Communicate verbally or by printed word, “Duvall’s 8 Stage Family Life Cycle (Aging Family - Retirement to Death)” and “McGoldrick’s 6 Stage Life Cycle – Families in Later Life”

- communicates with limited accuracy and effectiveness

- communicates with moderate accuracy and effectiveness

- communicates with considerable accuracy and effectiveness

- communicates with a high degree of accuracy and effectiveness

Application

Brochure reflects understanding of myths about aging and fallacies of the same

- brochure reflects limited understanding

- brochure reflects moderate understanding

- brochure reflects considerable understanding

- brochure reflects a high degree of understanding

Note: A student whose achievement is below Level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this assignment or activity.


Activity 3.2:  Health Promotion

Time:  15 hours

Description

Students conduct an interview to understand and assess the needs of an older individual. They identify how a specific older individual views their physical, psychological, cognitive, nutritional, spiritual, and social life stage and style. Students present their findings to the class with a prepared audio/visual presentation. Students submit a written report that includes the interview information assessment, and analysis, and describes how environmental factors are beneficial or detrimental. In conclusion, the students’ reports contain their own opinions on how to address these issues by utilizing programs/activities for the elderly within that person’s community.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Theory and Foundation, Processes and Skills

Overall Expectations

TFV.02 - identify needs of children and the elderly at the various stages of development and of older adulthood;

SPV.01 - demonstrate techniques and practices needed to effectively assess and meet the needs of the elderly.

Specific Expectations

TF2.01 - identify factors that contribute to the promotion and maintenance of the health and well-being of children and the elderly;

TF2.02 - explain the relationship among proper nutrition, physical activity, rest, sleep, and physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and cognitive well-being;

TF2.03 - describe the importance of social activities and outings on physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and cognitive well-being;

TF2.04 - explain the importance of promoting general physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and cognitive well-being;

TF2.05 - explain health and recreational requirements at different stages of development in children and at different stages of older adulthood;

TF2.06 - describe the effects of good nutrition on physical, psychological, and cognitive development;

TF2.07 - explain the requirements of balanced diets for children and the elderly according to Canada’s Food Guide;

TF2.08 - describe various diets for people with special needs.

SP1.08 - describe and, where applicable, demonstrate the techniques of therapeutic communication and explain how communication skills must fit the stage or condition of children and the elderly;

SP1.09 - explain and apply pertinent human relations strategies that facilitate interpersonal relations with children of different ages and the elderly (e.g., talking to children in age-appropriate language, compensating for hearing or visual deficits in the elderly).

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         effective communication and interview skills

·         knowledge of stages and aspects of older adulthood from Activity 3.1

·         knowledge of a food guide that addresses the various nutritional needs of an individual during various stages of their lives

Planning Notes

The teacher:

·         ensures all students have an older adult they can interview;

·         obtains permission for students to visit and interview an older individual (an alternative could be to invite an older adult to be interviewed by the class);

·         verifies all resource websites;

·         arranges for the use of the e-mail during class time;

·         reserves library and computer lab time/rooms;

·         provides videos illustrating the importance of health for the elderly;

·         prepares handouts (Appendices 3.2.1, 3.2.2, and 3.2.3) on interviewing, reporting, and evaluation techniques;

·         locates and signs out appropriate audio/visual equipment as needed;

·         provides magazines aimed at the retired person to broaden students’ understanding of the older adults’ interests and healthy choices.

·         Note: Teachers should be sensitive to the personal nature of the experience, and support students in avoiding disclosure and discussion of sensitive issues in the classroom context.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The importance of nutrition, physical activity, rest, sleep and physical, psychological, social, spiritual and cognitive well-being of the elderly are taught through videos and references to written text. Students form into groups to focus on one of the above topics and develop a short presentation on what can happen to an older individual when the selected aspect of well-being is not maintained. After each presentation, brainstorming with the class on how health in each example can be promoted and improved will strengthen the learning process. Open-ended questions and leading questions will assist students in identifying the importance of health in these areas and considering ways to promote it.

2.   The teacher introduces the activity Interviewing an Older Person (Appendix 3.2.1) by demonstrating an interview. Asking for a student volunteer, the teacher conducts an interview with the student, covering aspects of nutrition, physical activity, rest, sleep and physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and cognitive well-being (Appendix 3.2.2). After modelling the interview, time is allowed for a discussion about different aspects of the interview. Students then divide into groups of three, allowing one person to be interviewed, one to interview and another to observe. Discussion follows on issues that arise during the interview. Note: Students must be instructed to accept “no comment” as a valid answer to any questions, and to respect that people may choose not to respond at all. The teacher must review with students board and school policy related to health and safety for out-of-school activities.

3.   Using the rubric (Appendix 3.2.3) the teacher reviews interview strategies, learning expectations, and evaluation procedures. Students prepare a communication report of their interview within a set time limit.

4.   The name of the interviewee should not be included in the report. Groups of three students brainstorm and assign specific roles to each member for the assignment (Appendix 3.2.1).

5.   Students report to the teacher on a regular basis and obtain permission for the purpose of gathering, assessing, and reporting their assignment.

6.   After completing all components of the assignment, students present their findings to the class (Appendix 3.2.3) and submit their individual written reports for evaluation. (Teachers will need to develop an assessment tool that allows for students to demonstrate their achievement of the expectations.)

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Task/Product

Tool

Purpose

Achievement Chart Categories

Interview Role Plays

Observation Group Discussion

Formative

Knowledge/Understanding
Communication

Interview Report

Checklist Rubric

Summative

Knowledge/Understanding
Thinking/Inquiry
Communication
Application

Class Presentation

Rubric

Summative

Knowledge/Understanding
Thinking/Inquiry
Communication

Accommodations

·         For enrichment, students can use their knowledge of how health is maintained and promoted by designing a healthy living space for an older adult. The student may use the example of the person they interviewed, with the goal of providing housing that will best promote healthy living for that individual. Instead of looking at individual living space, they may create housing for a group of elderly people who share living quarters.

Resources

Websites

– http://www.thecareguide.com Senior Housing, Care and Services

– www.elderhostel.org

– www.foreveryoung.news.com

– www.ottawaseniors.com Seniors Magazine

Periodicals/Articles

Canadian Journal on Aging. ISSN 0714-9808

Forever Young. Oakville: Metroland Publishing. ISSN 0827-6854

Perspectives on Aging. Washington: National Council on Aging. ISSN 0096-2740

Prevention Monthly. Pasadena: Rodale Press. ISSN 0032-8006

North York: Willowdale Mirror. “Today’s Seniors.” ISSN 0827-6854

Videos

Aging & Spirituality. 510604

Aging: The Sixth Sense. 050487.  27 min.

Communication and Documentation Skills. ISBN 0-8273-8576-5. 30 min.

Healthy Young, Healthy Aging. 052362. 17 min.

The Generation Connection. 050705. 30 min.

The Generation Connection: Where do I fit in? 976617. 16 min.


Appendix 3.2.1

Communications Analysis and Report About an Older Individual

 

Following the completion of the interview (Appendix 3.2.2), write a report and submit both the initial interview form as well as the final communication report for evaluation (Appendix 3.2.3).

 

1.   Introductory paragraph – introduce the person to the reader, include initials of their name (but not their full name), or nickname(s), their age, and gender, and how you know them. Include where the interview was conducted. Also incorporate a brief history, noting where they spent most of their lives, what economic/social contributions they made (e.g., career/homemaker/education/employment) and any other introductory information you feel is important.

 

2.   Eight paragraphs – write a paragraph for each of the topics from the interview chart
(Appendix 3.2.2). Include interesting examples, stories, or anecdotes the interviewee provides. Include samples of your questions and the interviewee’s responses.

 

3.   Your assessment – after compiling and organizing the above, write a conclusion as to the present state of the individual and how their health, social, and psychological well-being can either be maintained or improved within the community in which they live. Remember that names and establishments should not be mentioned; however, a personal opinion or summation of your findings is valid for evaluation (Appendix 3.2.3).

 

Note: Teachers should be sensitive to the personal nature of the experience, and support students in avoiding disclosure and discussion of sensitive issues in the classroom context.

 


Appendix 3.2.2

Interviewing an Older Individual

 

With permission from the interviewee and/or custodial guardian.

 

Note: Students must be instructed to accept “no comment” as a valid answer to any questions, and to respect that people may choose not to respond at all.

 

Date: ___________________

Age: ________                       Gender: ____________          Location: _____________________________

 

Aspects of Health

Past Information

Present Information

Interviewee’s Perspective on How Their Needs Are Being Met

Interviewee’s Perspective on Changes Needed

- below the specific aspects, student write down the question that was being asked of the interviewee

 

 

 

 

Nutrition

- number of meals per day, quantity/quality compared to the Canada Food Guide

 

 

 

 

Physical Activity

- minutes and type of exercise per day/week

 

 

 

 

Rest and Sleep

- patterns and requirements; also any aids needed to acquire rest

 

 

 

 

 


Appendix 3.2.2  (Continued)

 

Physical Condition
- the individual’s point of view

 

 

 

 

Psychological Condition
- the individual’s point of view

 

 

 

 

Family Relationships
- siblings, children, grandchildren, blended family members

 

 

 

 

Social Relationships and/or Activities
- friends and non-structured entertainment choices

 

 

 

 

Spiritual Well-being
- cultural backgrounds and religious denominations can be identified and expanded on

 

 

 

 

Cognitive Well-being
- individual’s point of view

 

 

 

 


Appendix 3.2.3

Analysis Report Class Presentation Rubric

 

 

Student: ___________________________________                       Date: ___________________________

 

Categories/Criteria

Level 1
(50-59%)

Level 2
(60-69%)

Level 3
(70-79%)

Level 4
(80-100%)

Knowledge/Understanding

Use appropriate terminology and descriptions when presenting various aspects about the older individual.

- demonstrates limited use of terminology and descriptions

- demonstrates moderate use of terminology and descriptions

- demonstrates considerable use of terminology and descriptions

- demonstrates thorough use of terminology and descriptions

Thinking/Inquiry

Explain and demonstrate their assessment and alternatives for the promotion of the older individual’s needs.

- explains and demonstrates their assessment and alternatives with limited effectiveness

- explains and demonstrates their assessment and alternatives with moderate effectiveness

- explains and demonstrates their assessment and alternatives with considerable effectiveness

- explains and demonstrates their assessment and alternatives with a high degree of effectiveness

Communication

Describe and/or demonstrate the various communication skills needed to acquire the applicable information for assessment to assist an older individual.

- communicates assessment information with limited effectiveness

- communicates assessment information with moderate effectiveness

- communicates assessment information with considerable effectiveness

- communicates assessment information with a high degree of effectiveness

Note: A student whose achievement is below Level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this assignment or activity.

 


Activity 3.3:  Fundamental skills

Time:  15 hours

Description

Using the assessment skills and interviewing form from Activity 3.2, students identify, apply, and evaluate various care-giving services and techniques to assist an older individual. Application and promotion of independent fundamental skills (e.g., feeding, bathing, skincare, ambulatory devices) for the elderly are practised by the student in simulated classroom scenarios. Note: Where an actual site visit can be arranged for students to practise or demonstrate various techniques, teachers will need to ensure that appropriate protocols are established and followed for the out-of-school component. This will include routine school policies for out-of-school activities, the policies of the institution or site to be visited, professional health and safety regulations, and appropriate supervision.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Skills and Processes, Impact and Consequences

Overall Expectations

SPV.01 - demonstrate techniques and practices needed to effectively assess and meet the physical, psychological, cognitive, spiritual, and social needs of children and the elderly;

ICV.02 - describe and where appropriate, apply laws and regulations related to health and safety in childcare and the care of elderly people who require support or assistance.

Specific Expectations

SP1.01 - demonstrate appropriate hand-washing techniques and explain when they should be performed;

SP1.02 - use correct techniques for taking care of children and elderly people who require support in the following areas: feeding, bathing, accomplishing a range of motion exercises, lifting and transferring, toileting and diapering, and caring for the skin;

SP1.03 - describe and demonstrate where applicable the correct use of safety devices or appropriate techniques for caring for children and elderly people;

SP1.04 - explain the correct use of ambulation devices used by children and elderly people (e.g., walkers, canes, wheelchairs) and how to teach someone to use these devices;

SP1.05 - describe the techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), basic first aid, and the Heimlich manoeuvre;

SP1.06 - explain the theory and techniques associated with body substance precautions;

SP1.07 - describe how the health and well-being of children and the elderly can be assessed (e.g., in terms of body temperature, skin condition, infection or illness, abuse, difficulties in ambulation);

IC1.05 - follow routines for hygienic food preparation and for waste disposal.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         basic hand washing techniques

·         ability to précis resources

·         collaborative/cooperative group skills

·         critical thinking skills

·         communication skills

·         computer skills

Planning Notes

The teacher:

·         prepares overheads, slides, and videos about caring for the elderly;

·         reserves audio/visual materials;

·         prepares and photocopies notes to accompany visual presentations including information on hand washing (Appendix 3.3.1), feeding, bathing, a range of motion exercises, lifts and transfers, toileting and diapering, skin care, correct use of safety devices and ambulation devices;

·         photocopies the interview form for assessing health and well-being of patient (Appendix 3.2.2);

·         prepares notes on body substance precautions and communication tips for conversing with the elderly;

·         if not a certified CPR instructor, books a certified instructor to visit the class;

·         prepares print materials;

·         arranges for the use of ambulation devices such as walker, cane, and wheelchair;

·         develops a personalized placement learning plan based on the curriculum expectations in collaboration with the participation placement supervisor

·         contacts local elderly care facilities and services to arrange for on-site work experience for students;

·         obtains and photocopies all required legal forms that must be approved by administration for having students work outside the school;

·         makes special arrangements for students to interview a healthcare worker and their client/patient if the community is not able to support work sites or students are not able to attend work site placements;

·         has students fill out, with endorsement by their custodial guardians, the appropriate forms to go to a work site.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Review proper hand washing techniques (Appendix 3.3.1) and why they should be performed. Students who have taken TPA3C could demonstrate their skills.

2.   Using teacher demonstrations, checklists, and/or videos students learn the following patient care skills: hand and fingernail care, feeding, bathing, providing a range of motion exercises, lifts and transfers, toileting and diapering, and skin care. If a patient care mannequin is not available for practice, students could practise on a washable doll such as the infant CPR baby.

3.   To review patient-care techniques, the teacher may take a checklist of steps for each patient-care activity, cut the steps into strips, jumble the strips, and have the students put the steps (strips)  into the correct order.

4.   A qualified instructor teaches CPR, basic first aid, and the Heimlich manoeuvre. Students practise these techniques and are then tested.

5.   Facilitate classroom discussion and provide a lesson on techniques associated with body substance precautions.

6.   Brainstorm how the health and well-being of the elderly can be assessed (e.g., tone of voice, body language, body temperature, skin condition, difficulties in ambulation, signs of abuse such as bruises, infection or illness, etc.). Using semantic webbing, discuss each assessment tool in more detail. Have the class copy the semantic web from board notes.

7.   Demonstrate or show a video about techniques of therapeutic communication. Have students role-play various scenarios incorporating various stages and conditions of the elderly and applying pertinent strategies that facilitate good interpersonal relations with the elderly (e.g., patient distressed about a family member, patient agitated because of another patient, patient disoriented, deaf patient, blind patient, etc.).

8.   Have class brainstorm and identify within their community long-term care facility/hospitals/health care services for the elderly. Students should observe and participate in the correct use of ambulation devices and safety devices at work site placements. Students must independently complete Health and Safety Worksheets (Appendices 3.3.2, 3.3.3), the Interviewing an Older Individual Form (Appendix 3.2.1), and the Client/Patient Requirements Sheet (Appendix 3.3.4), and hand them in for assessment.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Task/Product

Tool

Purpose

Achievement Chart Categories

Hand Washing Demo

Observation

Formative

Application

Role Play of Skills

Observation
Group Discussion

Formative

Knowledge/Understanding
Application

Appendices 3.3.1, 3.3.2, and 3.3.3

Marking Scheme

Formative

Knowledge/Understanding
Thinking/Inquiry
Communication

Workplace Setting or Simulation

Checklist Appendix 3.3.6

Summative

Application

Accommodations

·         Students may choose to work individually or in partners for role-playing and workplace settings.

·         Allow more time for those who require it.

·         Consult individual student IEPs for specific direction on accommodation for individuals.

·         May allow students to pair up for work site placements or simulations.

·         Accommodates varying times and lengths of practical training.

Resources

Textbooks

Caldwell, E. and B. Hegner. Health Care Assistant. Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1985.

Delmar’s Home Care Aide Video Series: Instructor’s Manual. ISBN 0-8273-8604-4

Sorrentino, S. and B. Borek. Long Term Care Assistants. 1999. ISBN: 0-323-00709-0

Zucker, E. Being a Homemaker/Home Health Aide, 5th ed. Toronto: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-083897-7

Videos

Body Mechanics and Positioning. ISBN 0-8273-8583-8. 30 min.

CPR Theatre. 800770. 18 min.

Saving a Life, Part 1. 990470. 27 min.

Saving a Life, Part 2. 990471. 27 min.

Skin Care and Bathing. ISBN 0-8273-8582-X. 30 min.

Sneeze: How germs are spread. 974089. 5 min.

Special Procedures and Emergency Care. ISBN 0-8273-8587-0. 30 min.

Standard Precautions and Infection Control. ISBN 0-82773-8580-3. 30 min.

Transfers and Ambulating. ISBN 0-8273-8584-6. 30 min.

Vital Signs and Indicators of Change. ISBN 0-8283-8581-1. 30 min.


Appendix 3.3.1

Proper Hand Washing Procedure

 

 

 

1.   Roll up your sleeves.

 

2.   Check to ensure that soap and paper towels, and a garbage pail are accessible, or that an air dryer is available.

 

3.   Remove any bandages.

 

4.   Remove any watches and/or rings and place them on a piece of paper towel along with a new bandage.

 

5.   Adjust the water temperature to ensure that it is lukewarm.

 

6.   Rinse your hands under the running water.

 

7.   Dispense an application of soap into the palm.

 

8.   Roll hands to create lather.

 

9.   Wash the back of one hand, palm, nail area, and finger webs with the soap for 30–60 seconds.

 

10.  Repeat this sequence for the other hand.

 

11.  Rinse the hands thoroughly with warm water from the wrists to the fingertips, with the water running down off your fingertips.

 

12.  Turn off the water. Use a paper towel (if available) to turn off the tap, in case the handles are dirty.

 

13.  Pat the hands thoroughly using a different paper towel for each hand, or use an air dryer.

 

14.  Use the paper towel to wipe the counter area before throwing the towel away.

 

15.  Cover all cuts with bandages. Replace your ring and watch.

 

 

Note: Remember to time yourself so the hand washing time will not be less than 30–60 seconds.


Appendix 3.3.2

Health and Safety Worksheet #1

Bacteriology, Sterilization, and Sanitation

 

To be independently researched by student and submitted for evaluation.

 

Name: _______________________________                                              Date: ____________________

 

Terms

Definitions

Health and Safety
(effects on client/patient/worker and/or techniques/procedure for disease control and prevention)

Host

 

 

Blood Borne Disease Transmission

 

 

Disinfectant

 

 

Air Borne Disease Transmission

 

 

Pathogen

 

 

Fungi

 

 

Cross-contamination

 

 

Cross-infection

 

 

Microbe

 

 

Bacteria

 

 

Non-Pathogenic Bacteria

 

 

Pathogenic Bacteria

 

 

Sepsis

 

 

Asepsis

 

 

Virus

 

 


Appendix 3.3.3

Health and Safety Worksheet #2

Lifting Techniques of Client/Patient when Addressing Fundamental Needs of an Elderly Client/Patient

 

Name: ____________________________________                                    Date: ____________________

 

Terms

Definitions/Reasons

Health and Safety
(effects on client/patient/worker and/or techniques/procedure for injury control)

Spread the load

 

 

Break it down

 

 

Line it up

 

 

Lift together

 

 

Get a grip on it

 

 

Tighten up

 

 

Keep it close

 

 

Press your partner

 

 

Bend don’t twist

 

 

Stagger your stance

 

 

Shrug don’t curl

 

 

 


Appendix 3.3.4

Assessment, Evaluation, and Application to Meet an Elderly Client/Patient’s Fundamental Needs

 

Students are to identify, describe, perform, and explain the purpose for each of the following. Performance must be supervised by a qualified caregiver, health care, or education professional.

 

Student: ____________________________________________                 Date: _________________

 

Supervisor/Teacher: __________________________________________

 

Client/Patient Requirements

Identification/ Classification of Client/Patient’s Fundamental Needs

Description/ Procedure Required of Client/Patient’s Fundamental Needs

Explanation of why Procedure is Practised

Student’s Initials and Comments

Teacher’s/ Supervisor’s Initials and Comments

Ambulatory devices used by client/patient.

 

 

 

 

 

Dietary needs of patient/client.

 

 

 

 

 

Physical/social activities of patient/client.

 

 

 

 

 

 


Appendix 3.3.6.

Checklist for Assessment of Personal Service Protocol for Health and Personal Hygiene

(as identified by the Ontario Ministry of Health for Mandatory Health Programs and Services Guidelines)

 

To be filled out by the teacher or supervisor at work site.

 

Student: _____________________________________                   Date: _______________________

 

Supervisor/Teacher: ________________________________

 

 

Criteria

Yes

No

Comments

Hand Washing

- washes hands prior to and after serving a client

 

 

 

Wear Gloves

- wears protective gloves when performing services which may result in the contact of bodily fluids

 

 

 

Wear Protective Clothing

- wears protective clothing to prevent the penetration of chemicals and/or bodily fluids

 

 

 

Clean Sharp and Metal Implements

- immerses reusable metal instruments/ implements in 6% hydrogen peroxide or 70% isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes

 

 

 

 

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